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• GNOME (pronounced /
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GNOME - Wikipedia. GNOME (pronounced . To this end, the GNOME Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) were created. All GNOME programs share a coherent style of graphical user interface (GUI) but are not limited to the employment of the same GUI widgets. Rather, the design of the GNOME GUI is guided by concepts described in the GNOME HIG, itself relying on insights from cognitive ergonomics. Havoc Pennington summarized the usability work in his 2. Or even configurable to be the union of all applications that anyone's ever seen on any historical platform (Emacs *cough*).

Does this hurt anything? Yes it does. It turns out that preferences have a cost. Of course, some preferences also have important benefits – and can be crucial interface features. But each one has a price, and you have to carefully consider its value.

Many users and developers don't understand this, and end up with a lot of cost and little value for their preferences dollar. Accessibility. The GNOME HIG tries to take this into account as far as possible but specific issues are solved by special software. GNOME addresses computer accessibility issues by using the Accessibility Toolkit (ATK) application programming interface, which allows enhancing user experience by using special input methods and speech synthesis and speech recognition software. Particular utilities are registered with ATK using Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT- SPI), and become globally used throughout the desktop. Several assistive technology providers, including Orca screen reader and Dasher input method, were developed specifically for use with GNOME. Internationalization and Localization. It features a top bar holding (from left to right) an Activities button, an application menu, a clock and an integrated system status menu.

The status menu holds various system status indicators, shortcuts to system settings, and session actions including logging out, switching users, locking the screen, and suspending the computer. Clicking on the Activities button, moving the mouse to the top- left hot corner or pressing the Super key brings up the Overview. The Dash on the left houses shortcuts to favorite applications and open windows and an application picker button to show a list of all installed applications.

Notifications appear from the bottom of the screen. Since GNOME 3. 2 multiseat support has been only available on systems using systemd. Since the release of GNOME 3. The GNOME Project concentrates on developing a set of programs that accounts for the GNOME Core Applications. The commonalities of the GNOME Core Applications are the adherence to the current GNOME HUD guidelines as well as the tight integration with underlying GNOME layers like e. GVfs and also with one another e.

GOA (gnome- online- accounts). Some programs are simply renamed existing programs with a revamped user interface, while others have been written from scratch. GNOME Games have the look and feel of the GNOME Core Applications and are released simultaneously with GNOME. All have been rewritten conforming to the current GNOME Human Interface Guidelines. Development Tools. Glade Interface Designer is the software to construct graphical interfaces using the graphical control elements in GTK+.

Devhelp is an API browser, Accerciser an accessibility explorer, and there are several debugging tools, including Nemiver, Gtk. Inspector. No. Flo) also exist. Discussion chiefly occurs on a number of public mailing lists. However, individual module maintainers coordinate their efforts to create a full GNOME stable release on an approximately six- month schedule, alongside its underlying libraries such as GTK+ and GLib. Some experimental projects are excluded from these releases. GNOME version numbers follow the scheme v. Here, v is a major version, which can include large changes such as ABI breakage; these have no regular schedule and occur in response to requirements for large- scale changes.

GNOME releases are made to the main FTP server in the form of source code with configure scripts, which are compiled by operating system vendors and integrated with the rest of their systems before distribution. Most vendors use only stable and tested versions of GNOME, and provide it in the form of easily installed, pre- compiled packages. The source code of every stable and development version of GNOME is stored in the GNOME gitsource code repository.

Interested users can always obtain a snapshot of the . Development platform.

This foundation is further extended with D- Bus. IPC framework, Cairo 2. D vector- based drawing library, Clutter accelerated graphics library, Pango international text rendering library, Pulse. Audio low- level audio API, GStreamer multimedia framework, and several specialized libraries including Network. Manager, Package.

Kit, Telepathy (instant messaging) and Web. Kit. There are quite a few additional software packages that make up the GNOME desktop environment, such as the above.

History. GTK+ uses the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), a free software license that allows software linking to it to use a much wider set of licenses, including proprietary software licenses. De Icaza and Nat Friedman founded Helix Code (later Ximian) in 1. Massachusetts; this company developed GNOME's infrastructure and applications, and in 2.

Novell. During the transition to GNOME 2 around the year 2. GNOME Office suite. As of May 4, 2. 01. GNOME 2 used Metacity as its default window manager.

The handling of windows, applications, and files in GNOME 2 is similar to that of contemporary desktop operating systems. In the default configuration of GNOME 2, the desktop has a launcher menu for quick access to installed programs and file locations; open windows may be accessed by a taskbar along the bottom of the screen, and the top- right corner features a notification area for programs to display notices while running in the background.

However, these features can be moved to almost any position or orientation the user desires, replaced with other functions or removed altogether. GNOME 3. Also, since Mutter replaced Metacity as the default window manager, the minimize and maximize buttons no longer appear on the titlebar by default. Adwaita replaced Clearlooks as the default theme. The MATE desktop environmentforked from the GNOME 2 codebase with the intent of retaining the traditional GNOME 2 interface while keeping it compatible with modern Linux technology, such as GTK+ 3. The Linux Mint team addressed the issue in another way by developing the . This eventually led to the creation of the Cinnamon user interface, which was forked from the GNOME 3 codebase.

In 2. 00. 5, on the official GNOME developmental mailing lists, Linus Torvalds encouraged users to switch to KDE 3 rather than use GNOME. Introduction of the Human Interface Guidelines. A short- lived fork of GNOME, Gone. ME, is created as a response to the changes in this version. Adds: new panel applets (modem control, drive mounter and trashcan); and the Totem and Sound Juicer applications. Adds: Evince PDF viewer; New default theme: Clearlooks; menu editor; keyring manager and admin tools. Based on GTK+ 2. 8 with cairo support.

Adds: Ekigavideo conferencing application; Deskbar search tool; Pessulus lockdown editor; Fast user switching; Sabayon system administration tool. Adds: Tomboy notetaking application; Baobab disk usage analyser; Orca screen reader; GNOME Power Manager (improving laptop battery life); improvements to Totem, Nautilus; compositing support for Metacity; new icon theme.

Based on GTK+ 2. 1. Adds: Seahorse. GPG security application, allowing encryption of emails and local files; Baobab disk usage analyser improved to support ring chart view; Orca screen reader; improvements to Evince, Epiphany and GNOME Power Manager, Volume control; two new games, GNOME Sudoku and gl. Chess. MP3 and AAC audio encoding. Evolution backup functionality; improvements in Epiphany, EOG, GNOME Power Manager; password keyring management in Seahorse.