The Serenity Reference Manual. The Screenplay Pattern is an approach to writing high quality automated acceptance tests based on good software engineering principles such as the Single Responsibility Principle, the Open- Closed Principle, and effective use of Layers of Abstraction. It encourages good testing habits and well- designed test suites that are easy to read, easy to maintain and easy to extend, enabling teams to write more robust and more reliable automated tests more effectively.

I have a query as below: Select price from myTable; This returns value '22.50' However, I need the format as 5.8 bytes in my program. That is my String value should.

In this section we will look at how to use the Screenplay Pattern with Serenity BDD. We will be illustrating the Screenplay Pattern using the Angular. JS implementation of the well- known Todo.

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MVC (http: //todomvc. The Screenplay Pattern will be illustrated by some tests against the Todo. MVC application). You can experiment with this application at http: //todomvc. Figure 2. 5. The Screenplay Pattern will be illustrated by some tests against the Todo. MVC application. You can use the Screenplay Pattern with Serenity BDD in JUnit, Cucumber or JBehave. For simplicity, the examples will be using JUnit.

Introducing the Screenplay Pattern. Suppose we are implementing the “Add new todo items” feature of the To. Do MVC application.

This feature could have an acceptance criteria along the lines of “Should be able to add a new todo item”. If we were testing these scenarios manually, we could create test plans like the following: Should be able to add a new todo item. Open the application. Add an item called . Even if you are not familiar with how this code is implemented under the hood, it should be quite obvious what the test is trying to demonstrate, and how it is going about it.

In addition, the Serenity reports produced for this test also reflect this narrative structure, making it easier for testers, business analysts and business people to understand what the tests are actually demonstrating. A typical Screenplay Pattern report is shown in The Serenity report documents both the intent and the implementation of the test. Figure 2. 6. The Serenity report documents both the intent and the implementation of the test. The code listed above certainly reads cleanly, but it may leave you wondering how it actually works under the hood. Let’s see how it all fits together.

Screenplay Pattern tests runs like any other Serenity test. The Serenity Screenplay Pattern currently integrates with both JUnit and Cucumber. In JUnit, you use the Serenity. Runner JUnit runner, as for any other Serenity JUnit tests. The full source code of the test we saw earlier is shown here: @Run.

With(Serenity. Runner. Add. New. Todos . There are however a few things here that are new.

In the following sections, we will take a closer look at the details. Layers of abstraction. Experienced automated testers use layers of abstraction to separate the intent of the test (what you are trying to achieve) from the implementation details (how you achieve it). By separating the what from the how, the intent from the implementation, layers of abstraction help make tests easier to understand and to maintain. Indeed, well defined layers of abstraction are perhaps the single most important factor in writing high quality automated tests.

In User Experience (UX) Design, we break down the way a user interacts with an application into goals, tasks and actions: The goal describes what the user is trying to achieve in business terms. The tasks describe the high level steps the user needs to perform to achieve this goal, and.

The actions correspond to how a user interacts with the system to perform a particular task, such as by clicking on a button or entering a value into a field. The Screenplay Pattern in Serenity BDD provides a clear distinction between tasks and actions, which makes it easier for teams to write layered tests more consistently. Actors and the Screenplay Pattern.

Tests describe how a user interacts with the application to achieve a goal. For this reason, tests read much better if they are presented from the point of view of the user. Bios Update Amd Athlon 64 X2 5000 on this page. In the Screenplay Pattern, we call a user interacting with the system an Actor. Actors are at the heart of the Screenplay Pattern (see The Screenplay Pattern uses an actor- centric model).

Each actor has a certain number of Abilities, such as the ability to browse the web or to query a restful web service. Actors can also perform Tasks such as adding an item to the Todo list. To achieve these tasks, they will typically need to interact with the application, such as by entering a value into a field or by clicking on a button. We call these interactions Actions.

Actors can also ask Questions about the state of the application, such as by reading the value of a field on the screen or by querying a web service. Figure 2. 7. The Screenplay Pattern uses an actor- centric model. In Serenity, creating an actor is as simple as creating an instance of the Actor class and providing a name: Actor james = Actor. Different names can be a short- hand for different user roles or personas, and make the scenarios easier to relate to.

Actors have abilities. Actors need to be able to do things to perform their assigned tasks.

So we give our actors “abilities”, a bit like the superpowers of a super- hero, but in more mundane. If this is a web test, for example, we need James to be able to browse the web using a browser. Serenity BDD plays well with Selenium Web. Driver, and is happy to manage the browser lifecycle for you. All you need to do is to use the @Managed annotation with a Web. Driver member variable, as shown here: @Managed.

Web. Driver his. Browser; We can then let James use this browser like this: james. Browse. The. Web. Browser)); To make it clear that this is a precondition for the test (and could very well go in a JUnit @Before method), we can use the syntactic sugar method given. That(): given. That(james). Browse. The. Web.

Browser)); Each of the actor’s abilities is represented by an Ability class (in this case, Browse. The. Web) which keeps track of the things the actor needs to perform this ability (for example, the Web. Driver instance used to interact with the browser). Keeping the things an actor can do (browse the web, invoke a web service. For example, to add a new custom ability, you just need to implement a new Ability class. Actors perform tasks. An actor needs to perform a number of tasks to achieve a business goal.

A fairly typical example of a task is “adding a todo item”, which we could write as follows: james. To(Add. ATodo. Item. At the heart of the Screenplay Pattern, an actor performs a sequence of tasks. In Serenity, this mechanism is implemented in the Actor class using a variation of the Command Pattern, where the actor executes each task by invoking a special method called perform.

As() on the corresponding Task object (see The actor invokes the perform. As() method on a sequence of tasks). Figure 2. 8. The actor invokes the perform.

As() method on a sequence of tasks. Tasks are just objects that implement the Task interface, and need to implement the perform.

As(actor) method. In fact, you can think of any Task class as basically a perform. As() method alongside a supporting cast of helper methods. Tasks can be created using annotated fields or builders.

To do its reporting magic, Serenity BDD needs to instrument the task and action objects used during the tests. The simplest way to do arrange this is to let Serenity create it for you, just like any other Serenity step library, using the @Steps annotation.

In the following code snippet, Serenity will instantiate the open. The. Application field for you, so that James can use it to open the application: @Steps.

Open. The. Application open. The. Application. But for more sophisticated tasks or actions, a builder pattern like the one used with the Add. ATodo. Item earlier on is more convenient. Experienced practitioners generally like to make the builder method and the class name combine to read like an English sentence, so that the intent of the task remains crystal clear: Add.