Mar 2. 01. 3 Best . But beekeepers and some researchers say there is growing evidence that a powerful new class of pesticides known as neonicotinoids, incorporated into the plants themselves, could be an important factor. But its representatives also say they are open to further studies to clarify what, if anything, is happening. Then, about the first of September, they started to fall on their face, to die like crazy. We've been doing this 3. But in an interview, the research leader at its Beltsville, Md., bee research laboratory, Jeff Pettis, said he was confident that the death rate would be “much higher than it's ever been.”.

Beekeepers say the latest string of deaths has dealt them a heavy blow. But by the time we came around to pollinate almonds, it was a 5.

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Adee said, “and in December, they started falling apart, when it got cold.”. Dahle said he had planned to bring 1. Montana . But by the start of pollination last month, only 3,0. But after colony collapse disorder surfaced around 2. The Agriculture Department says a quarter of the American diet, from apples to cherries to watermelons to onions, depends on pollination by honeybees.

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Fewer bees means smaller harvests and higher food prices. Eighty percent of the nation's almonds grow here, and 8.

California agriculture. Pollinating up to 8. Chris Moore, a beekeeper in Kountze, Tex., said he had planned to skip the groves after sickness killed 4. So he sent two truckloads of hives that he normally would not have put to work.

Precisely why last year's deaths were so great is unclear. Some blame drought in the Midwest, though Mr. Dahle lost nearly 8. Others cite bee mites that have become increasingly resistant to pesticides. Still others blame viruses. Enlarge This Image.

Jim Wilson/The New York Times. Bees on a honeycomb pulled from a hive at Big Sky Honey.

Connect With Us on Social Media@nytimesscience on Twitter. Environment Reporters on Twitter. Like the science desk on Facebook. Enlarge This Image. Jim Wilson/The New York Times. Bill Dahle, the owner, described a startling loss of honeybees last year.

Readers' Comments. Share your thoughts. Post a Comment »Read All Comments (1. But many beekeepers suspect the biggest culprit is the growing soup of pesticides, fungicides and herbicides that are used to control pests.

While each substance has been certified, there has been less study of their combined effects. Nor, many critics say, have scientists sufficiently studied the impact of neonicotinoids, the nicotine- derived pesticide that European regulators implicate in bee deaths. The explosive growth of neonicotinoids since 2. Neonics, as farmers call them, are applied in smaller doses than older pesticides. They are systemic pesticides, often embedded in seeds so that the plant itself carries the chemical that kills insects that feed on it. Chrome Pdf Viewer Disable Save Highlight. Older pesticides could kill bees and other beneficial insects.

But while they quickly degraded . Beekeepers worry that bees carry a summer's worth of contaminated pollen to hives, where ensuing generations dine on a steady dose of pesticide that, eaten once or twice, might not be dangerous.“Soybean fields or canola fields or sunflower fields, they all have this systemic insecticide,” Mr. But if you have whiskey every night, 3. It's the same thing.”Research to date on neonicotinoids “supports the notion that the products are safe and are not contributing in any measurable way to pollinator health concerns,” the president of Crop. Life America, Jay Vroom, said Wednesday. The group represents more than 9.

He said the group nevertheless supported further research. Vroom said. A coalition of beekeepers and environmental and consumer groups sued the E. P. A. The agency has begun an accelerated review of their impact on bees and other wildlife.

The European Union has proposed to ban their use on crops frequented by bees. Some researchers have concluded that neonicotinoids caused extensive die- offs in Germany and France. Neonicotinoids are hardly the beekeepers' only concern. Herbicide use has grown as farmers have adopted crop varieties, from corn to sunflowers, that are genetically modified to survive spraying with weedkillers. Experts say some fungicides have been laced with regulators that keep insects from maturing, a problem some beekeepers have reported. Eric Mussen, an apiculturist at the University of California, Davis, said analysts had documented about 1. Where do you start?” Dr.

Mussen said. What are the consequences?”Experts say nobody knows. Adee, who said he had long scorned environmentalists' hand- wringing about such issues, said he was starting to wonder whether they had a point. Of the “environmentalist” label, Mr.

Adee said: “I would have been insulted if you had called me that a few years ago. But what you would have called extreme .

Maybe they were just ahead of the bell curve.'”.

The tax is a. A) progressive tax. B) proportional tax. C) regressive tax. D) None of the above.

Which of the following taxes is progressive? A) sales tax. B) excise tax. C) property tax. D) federal income tax. Which of the following taxes is proportional? A) gift tax. B) income tax. C) sales tax. D) Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)4. Which of the following taxes is regressive?

A) Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)B) excise tax. C) property tax. D) gift tax. Sarah contributes $2. Sarah’s marginal tax rate is 3. After considering her tax savings, Sarah’s contribution costs.

A) $6,2. 50. B) $8,7. C) $1. 6,2. 50. D) $1. Helen, who is single, is considering purchasing a residence that will provide a $2. If her marginal tax rate is 2.

Helen’s tax savings from purchasing the residence? A) $5,6. 00. B) $7,0.

C) $2. 1,0. 00. D) $2. Charlotte pays $1.

Charlotte’s marginal tax rate is 2. Charlotte’s tax savings from paying the property tax is. A) $3,5. 20. B) $4,0.

C) $4,4. 80. D) $1. Anne, who is single, has taxable income for the current year of $3. Anne’s average tax rate and effective tax rate are, respectively,A) 1. B) 1. 2. 4. 6% and 1. C) 1. 4. 0. 9% and 2. D) 1. 2. 4. 6% and 2.

The unified transfer tax system. A) imposes a single tax upon transfers of property during an individual’s lifetime only.

B) imposes a single tax upon transfers of property during an individual’s life and at death. C) imposes a single tax upon transfers of property only at an individual’s death. D) none of above.

When property is transferred, the gift tax is based on. A) replacement cost of the transferred property.

B) fair market value on the date of transfer. C) the transferor’s original cost of the transferred property. D) the transferor’s depreciated cost of the transferred property.

Paul makes the following property transfers in the current year. Assuming Charlie does not elect gift splitting with his wife, his taxable gifts in the current year will be. A) $1. 3,0. 00. B) $1. C) $2. 5,0. 00. D) $4. Shaquille buys new cars for five of his friends. Each car cost $7.

What is the amount of Shaquille’s taxable gifts? A) $0. B) $2. 80,0. C) $3. 36,0. 00. D) $3. In 2. 01. 4, an estate is not taxable unless the sum of the taxable estate and taxable gifts made after 1. A) $1,0. 00,0. 00.

B) $3,5. 00,0. 00. C) $5,0. 00,0. 00. D) $5,3. 40,0. 00. Eric dies in the current year and has a gross estate valued at $6,5. The estate incurs funeral and administrative expenses of $1.

Eric’s debts which amount to $2. Eric bequeaths $6. Eric made no taxable transfers during his life. Eric’s taxable estate will be. A) $2. 10,0. 00. B) $5,5.

C) $6,1. 50,0. 00. D) $6,5. 00,0. 00. Thomas dies in the current year and has a gross estate valued at $3,0. During his lifetime (but after 1. Thomas had made taxable gifts of $4.

The estate incurs funeral and administrative expenses of $1. Thomas’ debts which amount to $3. Thomas bequeaths $5. What is the amount of Thomas’ tax base, the amount on which the estate tax is computed? A) $2,1. 00,0. 00. B) $2,5. 00,0. 00. C) $2,6. 00,0. 00.

D) $3,4. 00,0. 00. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A) Property taxes are levied on real estate.

B) Excise taxes are assessed on items such as gasoline and telephone use. C) Gift taxes are imposed on the recipient of a gift. D) The estate tax is based on the fair market value of property at death or the alternate valuation date.

Denzel earns $1. 30,0. What is his FICA tax? A) $9,1. 39. B) $8,9. C) $8,6. 98. D) $9,9. Answer: A5. 6) Jillian, a single individual, earns $2.

What is her FICA tax? A) $1. 0,8. 59. B) $1. C) $1. 0,5. 89. D) $8,9. Martha is self- employed in 2. Her business profits are $1.

What is her self- employment tax? A) $2. 1,4. 20. B) $1. C) $1. 8,1. 59. D) None of the above. Which of the following is not one of Adam Smith’s canons of taxation? A) equity. B) convenience. C) certainty. D) paid by all citizens.

Horizontal equity means that. A) taxpayers with the same amount of income pay the same amount of tax. B) taxpayers with larger amounts of income should pay more tax than taxpayer’s with lower amounts of income. C) all taxpayers should pay the same tax. D) none of the above. Vertical equity means that.

A) taxpayers with the same amount of income pay the same amount of tax. B) taxpayers with larger amounts of income should pay more tax than taxpayer’s with lower amounts of income.

C) all taxpayers should pay the same tax. D) none of the above. Which of the following is not an objective of the federal income tax law?

A) Stimulate private investment. B) Reduce employment. C) Encourage research and development activities. D) Prevent taxpayers from paying a higher percentage of their income in personal income taxes due to inflation. Which of the following is not a social objective of the tax law? A) prohibition of a deduction for illegal bribes, fines and penalties.

B) a deduction for charitable contributions. C) an exclusion for interest earned by large businesses. D) creation of tax- favored pension plans. Which of the following is not a taxpaying entity? A) Corporation. B) Partnership.

C) Individual. D) All of the above are taxpayers. All of the following are classified as flow- through entities for tax purposes except. A) partnerships. B) C corporations.

C) S corporations. D) limited liability companies. How To Install Software In Motorola V3i Invalid. Rocky and Charlie form RC Partnership as equal partners. Rocky contributes $1.

RC while Charlie contributes real estate with a fair market value of $1. During the current year, RC earned net income of $6. The partnership distributes $2. The amount that Rocky should report on his individual tax return is. A) $0. B) $1. 00,0. C) $2. 00,0. 00. D) $3.

AB Partnership earns $5. Partners A and B are equal partners who do not receive any distributions during the year. How much income does partner A report from the partnership? A) $0. B) $2. 50,0.

C) $5. 00,0. 00. D) None of the above. In an S corporation, shareholders. A) are taxed on their proportionate share of earnings. B) are taxed only on dividends. C) may allocate income among themselves in order to consider special contributions. D) are only taxed on salaries.

All of the following statements are true except. A) the net income earned by a sole proprietorship is reported on the owner’s individual income tax return. B) the net income of an S corporation is subject to double taxation because it is taxed at the entity level and dividends paid from the S corporation to individual shareholders are also taxed. C) the net income of C corporation is subject to double taxation because it is taxed at the entity level and dividends paid from the C corporation to individual shareholders is also taxed. D) LLCs are generally taxed as partnerships.

Which of the following is not an advantage of a limited liability company (LLC)? A) limited liability for all members of a LLCB) ability to choose between taxation as a partnership or corporation.

C) default tax treatment as a corporation, unless otherwise elected. D) All of the above are advantages of an LLC. What is an important aspect of a limited liability partnership? A) It is the same as a limited partnership where the general partner has unlimited liability. B) A partner has unlimited liability arising from his or her own acts of negligence or misconduct or similar acts of any person under his or her direct supervision, but does not have unlimited liability in other matters.

C) All partners have limited liability regarding all partnership activities. D) All partners have unlimited liability. The term “tax law” includes. A) Internal Revenue Code. B) Treasury Regulations. C) judicial decisions.

D) all of the above. Which of the following serves as the highest authority for tax research, planning, and compliance activities?

A) Internal Revenue Code. B) Income Tax Regulations. C) Revenue Rulings. D) Revenue Procedures. All of the following are executive (administrative) sources of tax law except. A) Internal Revenue Code. B) Income Tax Regulations.

C) Revenue Rulings. D) Revenue Procedures. Which of the following steps, related to a tax bill, occurs first?