Gas Shielded Flux cored, weld issues and weld resolutions. YOU. WOULD THINK THAT IN THE INDUSTRIES AS SHOWN ABOVE, OR WITH ANY COMPANY THAT PRODUCES EXTENSIVE MANUAL OR ROBOT MIG - FLUX CORED WELDS.

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THAT THE WELD MANAGEMENT WOULD HAVE A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF WELD COSTS AND ENSURE THAT . Please remember: Welders skills or the length of the welders experience, has nothing to do with the weld process control expertise that enables weld personnel to attain optimum, consistent weld quality, always at the lowest weld costs. Weld Fact. Few industries will use more flux cored or MIG wires in their day to day applications than a ship yard or auto - truck plant, and no one will typically will have greater weld repairs and weld rework costs per- foot of weld than these two industries, two industries which ironically will have a greater ENGINEER to WELDER RATIO than most other industries. IN MANY GLOBAL SHIP YARDS, WELD RE- WORK COST. PER- SHIP IS OFTEN MEASURED BETWEEN ONE AND TEN MILLION DOLLARS. WITH THIS IN MIND, IT'S DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND WHY THE MAJORITY. OF GLOBAL SHIP YARDS.

HAVE NOT ESTABLISHED BEST MIG & FLUX CORED WELD PRACTICES, AND WHY THE MANAGEMENT HAVE NOT PROVIDED BOTH THEMSELVES AND THEIR EMPLOYEES. WITH MIG AND FLUX CORED WELD PROCESS CONTROL - BEST PRACTICE TRAINING. Many mangers are under the impression that theyhave an effective welder training department or that the local commuinity college can provide what they need. However, the mangers are often not aware that the welder skills taught are often not relevant and the education provided rarely has nothing to do with controlling the weld process or with being aware of the best weld practices. How do i prove this point? PICK A FEW OF QUALIFIED WELD PERSONNEL. PROVIDE THEM WITH EITHER THE FOLLOWING MIG OR FLUX CORED TEST.

Discount Roofing Materials, Roofing Supplies, Roofing Products, Eternabond, Fasteners, Vents, Waterproof Coatings, Safety Products. Welcome to the world's largest web site on MIG, Flux Cored and TIG. Flux cored Weld Process Controls & Best Weld Practices. To get to the root cause of most Flux. The art of pipe smoking is one of the oldest forms of tobacco use. The pipe remains a comforting approach often overlooked by.

THEN ASK YOUR SELF, ARE THESE QUESTIONS RELEVANT TO THE SUCESS OF MY COMPANY. Try Ed's Flux Cored Process Control Test. Try Ed's MIG Process Control Test. USING MY UNIQUE, (CLOCK) MIG - FLUX CORED WELD PROCESS CONTROL - BEST PRACTICE TRAINING METHODS, THAT I DEVELOPED OVER THREE DECADES, TAKE. A LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING MULTI- MILLION. DOLLAR, ANNUAL WELD COST SAVINGS, THAT WAS ACHIEVED AT. THE AKER KVAERNER, PHILY SHIP YARD.

How a Ship Yard can save millions annually. In 2. 00. 7, With their flux cored weld repair costs per- ship somewhere between 7 and 9 million dollars.

My first task was to try to get control from the German mangagers who were responsible for the weld cost issues, and my next task was to to provide the approx. The welders in the ship yard were using the E7. T- 1 0. 0. 45, (1. These wire were used to weld all position, typically 1. Vee Grooves and ceramic backing for the root welds. As with many ship yards in 2.

German - European yard management at this USA yard was stuck in a 1. Weld Time Warp. While the managers, QA personnel and supervisors had a good understanding of the SMAW (stick) process, they had almost no weld process control - best practice understanding of either the MIG or flux cored process, two processes that were responsible for most of the ship welds, and two processes that responsible for the millions of dollars in costly weld repairs per- ship. At this Aker yard, the weld training department focus had been. SMAW (stick) weld practices.

There was no training focus or understanding on the Weld Process Control or Best Practice expertise that has always been necessary to attain consistent optimum results from flux cored welds that are daily influenced by numerous variables in the yard. You can see the result of one test from the photo on the right.

This welder qualification test coupon was from one welder in the yard who had previously qualified with the ABS test and the flux cored process. This welder had also been welding on the ships for a few years. The best ship weld quality that I have viewed was.

S- Korean ship yard welds. WHY THE AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING (ABS) AND OTHER THICK PLATE GROOVE WELD QUALIFICATION TESTS. HAVE FOR DECADES BEEN INNEFFECTIVE, AND A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY. For the last three decades, you would typically find the world's worst welds, (most had passed visual or some NDT evaluation) on Aircraft Carriers, Frigates, Container Vessels, Oil Tankers or for that matter anything that has ever been made out of steel or aluminum and sailed the seven seas. A walk on most ships, and even a weld novice would be aware that numerous welds were poor, yet these welds have all been made by welders who passed ABS welder qualification tests.

There are many things that will influence the welds that are made in the ship yards.; . It does not take long in most ship yards to see poor fabrication - poor weld practices and poor choices of weld equipment or consumables. It's also difficult to find.

From a design / strength perspective, the center area of a ship is typically the weakest link, its also where the highest weld quality is supposded to be. It's possible, but a rare event that all welds on a ship are supposed to; . Also its simply good weld practice (but rarely done) to preheat the weld joints influenced by the the environment. Note. As you can see with above ships weld preps, the fitters in this ship yard must have got their training at Walmart and the engineers, QA personnel, supervisors might as well have stayed home. One thing ignored in many ship yards is a . The additional weld heat from the extra weld passes can influence and weaken the steels Heat Affected Zone esecially when the good practice of interpass tem controls are not applied which again is the norm.

With larger than normal HAZs, mechanical strengths are decreased and minor weld defects will have more of an opportununty to influence weaker HAZ. If i was involved in the ship Insurance business, I would want more information on why each year, ships that typically can cost 1. However with the ships in which someone as above, managed to take a photo before the deep plunge, the destructive metal tears will Imn sure in most instances follow the welds, and if you are looking for root causes of poor weld quality and over heated weld HAZ locations, simply track down the engineering management at the yard where the ships were built. THE WELDS PRODUCED WILL SUBSTANTIATE A POINT OF VIEW.

For those of you that disagree with my comments on the typical code MIG or flux cored, groove, welder qualification requirements, or on the value of my weld process control training programs, please remember that at this Aker yard in a matter of hours, I took > 2. And after my two day process control training program, we sent them back out to the yard.

Over the next few months the skeptical QA department management religiously tracked and reported the weld rework labor - NDT - consumables reduction costs for one ship. They then followed up with a report to the yard management that the savings at that time were close to 6 million dollars. WELD QUALIFICATION TESTS SHOULD START WITH PROCESS - BEST PRACTICE TRAINING. The reason that the ABS and also some of the AWS welder qualification tests on thick plate that require multi- passes are usually a complete waste of time and money, is once a welder has shown the ability to provide an optimum, . Therefore all that should then be required is that the welder be taught the process controls for the process - consumables utilized, and the best weld practices necessary to comply with real world weld procedures, and with the typical numerous ship yard variable that influence the welds. Note: Another issue for many weld shops. Produce a single pass, 1/4 (6.

Use 3/8 plate thats free of surface contaminates and mill scale. This low cost weld should be the only welder qualification test ever required for any positions VEE or J groove plates. To test the weld fusion attained, provide a break test in a vice. This will reveal the internal quality of the weld.

Recreational drug use - Wikipedia. Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to alter one's mental state in a way that modifies emotions, perceptions, and feelings for recreational purposes.

When a substance enters the user's body, it brings on an intoxicating effect, often referred to as a . Generally, people use recreational drugs that fall into three categories: depressants (these drugs produce a feeling of relaxation and calmness); stimulants (these drugs give the user a sense of energy and alertness); and psychedelic drugs (these cause hallucinations and perceptual distortions that some users find appealing).

In popular usage, it is generally considered to be a tolerated social behaviour rather than a serious medical condition such as self- medication. Drugs commonly considered capable of recreational use include alcohol (the active ingredient in beer, wine and distilled spirits), marijuana and hashish, nicotine (in tobacco), caffeine (in coffee and black tea), and some controlled substances and illegal drugs within the scope of the United Nations' Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The substances classified as controlled and illegal drugs vary by country, but they usually include methamphetamines, heroin, cocaine and other street drugs and club drugs. In 2. 00. 9 it was estimated that about 3% to 6% of people aged 1. Some of the most common theories are: genetics, personality type, psychological problems, self- medication, gender, age, instant gratification, basic human need, curiosity, rebelliousness, a sense of belonging to a group, family and attachment issues, history of trauma, failure at school or work, socioeconomic stressors, peer pressure, juvenile delinquency, availability, historical factors, or sociocultural influences. Instead, experts tend to apply the biopsychosocial model. Any number of these factors are likely to influence an individual’s drug use as they are not mutually exclusive.

Plant, many people go through a period of self- redefinition before initiating recreational drug use. They tend to view using drugs as part of a general lifestyle that involves belonging to a subculture that they associate with heightened status and the challenging of social norms. Plant says, “From the user's point of view there are many positive reasons to become part of the milieu of drug taking. The reasons for drug use appear to have as much to do with needs for friendship, pleasure and status as they do with unhappiness or poverty.

Becoming a drug taker, to many people, is a positive affirmation rather than a negative experience.”. The ability to use botanical chemicals to serve the function of endogenousneurotransmitters may have improved survival rates, conferring an evolutionary advantage. A typically restrictive prehistoric diet may have emphasised the apparent benefit of consuming psychoactive drugs, which had themselves evolved to imitate neurotransmitters. There are many factors in the environment and within the user that interact with each drug differently. Overall, some studies suggest that alcohol is one of the most dangerous of all recreational drugs; only heroin, crack cocaine, and methamphetamines are judged to be more harmful. However, studies which focus on a moderate level of alcohol consumption have concluded that there can be substantial health benefits from its use, such as decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and cognitive decline.

Researcher David Nutt stated that these studies showing benefits for . These drugs are not without their own particular risks. Advocates of this philosophy point to the many well- known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives. Responsible drug use becomes problematic only when the use of the substance significantly interferes with the user's daily life. Responsible drug use advocates that users should not take drugs at the same time as activities such as driving, swimming, operating machinery, or other activities that are unsafe without a sober state.

Responsible drug use is emphasized as a primary prevention technique in harm- reduction drug policies. Harm- reduction policies were popularized in the late 1. For example, people who inject illicit drugs can minimize harm to both themselves and members of the community through proper injecting technique, using new needles and syringes each time, and proper disposal of all injecting equipment. Prevention. The West's . Evidence is insufficient to tell if behavioral interventions help prevent recreational drug use in children. Subcultures have emerged among users of recreational drugs, as well as among those who abstain from them, such as teetotalism and . In video games, for example, enemies are often drug dealers, a narrative device that justifies the player killing them.

Other games portray drugs as a kind of . Drinking alcohol creates intoxication, relaxation and lowered inhibitions. It is produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts to create wine, beer, and distilled liquor (e. In most areas of the world, apart from certain countries where Muslim sharia law is used, it is legal for those over a certain age (typically 1. It is an IARC 'Group 1' carcinogen and a teratogen.

Prescribed for ADHD, narcolepsy, depression and weight loss. A potent central nervous systemstimulant, in the 1. Axis and Allied troops in World War II, and, later on, other armies, and by Japanese factory workers. It increases muscle strength and fatigue resistance and improves reaction time. It contains at least 8. The primary psychoactive component is THC, which mimics the neurotransmitter anandamide, named after the Hinduananda, . Whether these properties will be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the future is an exciting topic that undoubtedly warrants further investigation.

A popular derivative, crack cocaine is typically smoked. When transformed into its freebase form, crack, the cocaine vapour may be inhaled directly. This is thought to increase bioavailability, but has also been found to be toxic, due to the production of methylecgonidine during pyrolysis. However, he failed to notice its psychedelic potential until 1. It played a central role in 1. October 1. 96. 8 by US President Lyndon B Johnson.

Commonly abused opioids include oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, fentanyl, heroin, and morphine. Opioids have a high potential for addiction and have the ability to induce severe physical withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of frequent use. Heroin can be smoked, insufflated or turned into a solution with water and injected. Hp Photosmart C3100 Software Update more. Psilocybin mushrooms: This hallucinogenic drug was an important drug in the psychedelic scene. Until 1. 96. 3, when it was chemically analysed by Albert Hofmann, it was completely unknown to modern science that psilocybe semilanceata (. Nicotine is the key drug contained in tobacco leaves, which are either smoked, chewed or snuffed.

It contains nicotine, which crosses the blood–brain barrier in 1. It mimics the action of the neurotransmitteracetylcholine at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and the neuromuscular junction.

The neuronal forms of the receptor are present both post- synaptically (involved in classical neurotransmission) and pre- synaptically, where they can influence the release of multiple neurotransmitters. Many drugs can be consumed in more than one way. For example, marijuana can be swallowed like food or smoked, and cocaine can be . Drugs that are . Drugs that are injected include morphine and heroin, less commonly other opioids. Stimulants like cocaine or methamphetamine may also be injected.

In rare cases, users inject other drugs.